Coenzymes yog cov protein tsis muaj cov organic sib txuas uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub enzymes. Lawv feem ntau yog muab tau los ntawm cov vitamins.
Yog vim li cas rau cov teeb meem hauv lub cev hauv lub cev thiab qhov txo qis hauv kev coj ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lub cev feem ntau yog qhov kev txo qis hauv kev ua si ntawm qee yam ntawm enzymes. Yog li ntawd, coenzymes thiaj li tsim nyog rau peb.
Hauv kev txiav txim siab nqaim, coenzyme yog coenzyme Q10, ib qho kev tso dag ntawm cov tshuaj folic acid thiab ob peb lwm cov vitamins. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg lub cev yog cov coenzymes uas ua los ntawm cov vitamins B.
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Coenzyme xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub zog ntawm tes muaj zog, uas xav tau los tswj lub neej. Txhua cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev xav tau kev siv lub zog loj hauv lub cev, tsis hais nws yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv lossis lub plab, ua haujlwm lub cev thaum rub mus rau ntawm lub cev mus rau lub cev. Vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas coenzymes nkag nrog enzymes, lub zog tsim nyog tau tsim.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm coenzymes
Coenzymes yog non-proteinaceous tebchaw uas txhawb kev ua kom cov enzyme muaj peev xwm. Lawv ua 2 txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- Koom tes nrog cov txheej txheem hloov pauv. Lub coenzyme nws tus kheej tsis ua rau tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev; nws nkag mus rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm enzymes ua ke nrog cov apoenzyme, thiab tsuas yog thaum lawv sib cuam tshuam, catalytic cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nyom khi tau tshwm sim.
- Thauj khoom muaj nuj nqi. Lub coenzyme ua ke nrog lub nrim, uas ua rau muaj zog thauj cov channel los ntawm cov lwg me me uas txav mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lwm qhov enzyme.
Txhua lub coenzymes muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib xws - lawv muaj lub zog ruaj khov rau cov huab cua, tab sis lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom neeg kuj sib txawv.
Kev faib tawm ntawm coenzymes
Raws li cov hau kev ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog lub apoenzyme, coenzymes tau muab faib ua:
- Soluble - thaum lub caij cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws txuas nrog ib qho enzyme molecule, tom qab ntawd nws hloov pauv tshuaj lom neeg thiab yog tso tawm dua.
- Mob caj dab - khov kho txuam nrog apoenzyme, thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob hauv qhov chaw nquag ntawm cov enzyme. Lawv kev tsim dua tshiab tshwm sim thaum sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm coenzyme lossis substrate.
Raws li lawv cov qauv tshuaj, coenzymes tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
- aliphatic (glutathione, lipoic acid, thiab lwm yam)
- heterocyclic (pyridoxal phosphate, tetrahydrofolic acid, nucleoside phosphates thiab lawv cov lus qhia (CoA, FMN, FAD, NAD, thiab lwm yam), metalloporphyrin hemes, thiab lwm yam.)
- Cov tshuaj tsw qab (ubiquinones).
Kev ua tau zoo, muaj ob pab pawg ntawm coenzymes:
- redox,
- pab pawg neeg hloov chaw coenzymes.
Coenzymes hauv kev kis las tshuaj
Nrog rau kev qoj ib ce, muaj ntau lub zog noj, nws cov khoom hauv lub cev yuav ploj mus, thiab ntau cov vitamins thiab cov zaub mov noj tau noj sai dua li tsim tawm. Cov kis las ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, poob siab ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab tsis muaj lub zog. Txhawm rau pab kom tsis txhob muaj ntau cov tsos mob, kev npaj tshwj xeeb nrog coenzymes hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau tsim. Lawv qhov kev pom ntawm kev ua yog qhov dav heev, lawv raug txwv tsis tsuas yog ncaws pob, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg muaj kab mob txaus txaus.
Cocarboxylase
Coenzyme, uas yog tsim los ntawm thiamine nkag mus rau hauv lub cev xwb. Hauv kev ua kis las, nws ua hauj lwm pab txhais tau tias ntawm kev tiv thaiv myocardial overstrain thiab kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov hlab ntsha tawg. Cov tshuaj yog tawm rau radiculitis, neuritis, thiab mob siab tsis ua haujlwm. Nws raug muab rau cov tshuaj raws qab, ib koob tshuaj yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 100 mg.
Cob Qhiav
Hloov cov haujlwm ntawm cov vitamin B12, yog ib qho anabolic. Pab cov neeg ncaws pob txhim tsa cov leeg nqaij, nce siab ntev, thiab txhawb kev ua kom rov qab zoo tom qab qoj ib ce. Muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev tswj hwm kev tso ntshav, tus nqi niaj hnub yog 3 ntsiav tshuaj lossis 1000 mcg. Lub sijhawm kawm yuav tsis ntau tshaj 20 hnub.
Oxycobalamin
Nws qhov kev txiav txim yog zoo li vitamin B12, tab sis nws nyob qis qis hauv cov ntshav tau ntev dua thiab tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv coenzyme mis vim nws txoj kev sib txuas zoo nrog cov plasma protein.
Pyridoxal phosphate
Qhov kev npaj muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm vitamin B6. Nws txawv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv kev kho sai sai, nws tau raug sau tseg rau kev nkag mus txawm tias pyridoxine phosphorylation tsis muaj zog. Nws yog xeem peb zaug nyob rau ib hnub, koob tshuaj txhua hnub yog tsis ntau dua 0.06 g, thiab chav kawm tsis pub ntev tshaj ib hlis.
Pyriditol
Nws ua kom cov txheej txheem metabolic ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv nruab nrab, nce permeability ntawm qabzib, tiv thaiv qhov ua dhau ntawm cov kab mob lactic acid, ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv hypoxia, uas tshwm sim thaum kev kawm kis las. Cov tshuaj tau coj peb zaug ib hnub, 0.1 g. tom qab noj tshais rau ib hlis
Pantogam
Nws yog homologue ntawm pantothenic acid, ua rau muaj cov txheej txheem hauv metabolic, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hnov mob, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov hlwb rau hypoxia. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj yog rau kev ua kom lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, nce kev ua siab ntev, nws yog qhia rau kev siv rau qhov ua raug mob rau lub hlwb ntawm ntau yam. Cov ntsiav tshuaj tau tshwm sim hauv ib hlis, 0.5 g, tsis pub ntau tshaj peb zaug hauv ib hnub.
Carnitine
Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj txhaj, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tsom mus rau kev ua kom cov rog rog, ua kom lub zog ntawm tes rov qab. Nws muaj cov teebmeem anabolic, antihypoxic thiab antithyroid. Nws yog cov khoom siv hloov pauv rau cov vitamin B6. Pib raws li qhov quav yeeb yaj kiab.
Ntsej muag
Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm riboflavin thiab nquag koom tes nrog hauv carbohydrate, lipid thiab amino acid metabolism. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev daws rau kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular, txij li nws nqus tau hauv plab yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm riboflavin nqus.
Lipoic acid
Normalizes carbohydrate metabolism. Nce tus nqi ntawm oxidation ntawm carbohydrates thiab fatty acids, uas ua rau kom nce ntawm lub zog txuag.
